Reading focus
Syllabus: How Do We Develop Across the Lifespan?
Connect the proposed model to the earlier distinction between developmental patterns and explanations. Use its context-sensitive predictions to think beyond a single age ranking of competence.
A question to consider. An adolescent persists on a difficult task with friends present but gives up sooner when alone. What would you compare before explaining this as a change in motivation, cognitive control, or the meaning of the situation?
Why this reading
Crone and Dahl examine adolescence through changing social motivations and flexible engagement with goals. Their proposal invites readers to ask when exploration creates opportunities and when it creates vulnerability.
Before you read
Social–affective processes connect social experience with emotion and motivation. Cognitive control concerns regulating thought and action. Puberty and chronological age are related but distinct.
Read for
- Contrast a developmental deficit explanation with a context-sensitive one. What observation would distinguish them?
- Separate findings from the proposed connections in Figure 3. Which arrows remain hypotheses?
- Ask whether a brain-activation difference identifies a mechanism or leaves competing interpretations.
Consider afterwards
- Design a comparison of adolescent and adult choices in two social contexts. What result would challenge the claim that one group simply has less control?
Editorial context
This 2012 review proposes a heuristic model, not a completed causal account. Its discussion of longitudinal and training studies complicates a simple equation between age, frontal activity, and maturity. Evaluate its predictions alongside alternative explanations; avoid turning an average neural difference into a fixed judgment about an individual’s capabilities.